Home Work

Subject, Verb, Complements, Modifier and Pronouns

Subjects

Almost all English sentences have subjects, but sentences that are orders (called imperatives) usually do not have any subjects. A subject usually comes before a verb, but it can also come after auxiliary verbs. In the following examples :
• We need you.
• The food was good.

Verb
A verb is a kind of word (see part of speech) that usually tells about an action or a state and is the main part of a sentence. Every sentence has a verb. In English, verbs are the only kind of word that changes to show past or present tense.
Every language in the world has verbs, but they are not always used in the same ways. They also can have different properties in different languages. For example, in some other languages (e.g., Chinese & Indonesian) verbs do not change for past and present tense. This means the definition above only works well for English verbs.
There are sixteen verbs used in Basic English. They are: be, do, have, come, go, see, seem, give, take, keep, make, put, send, say, let, get.
Kinds of Verbs

English has two main kinds of verbs: normal verbs (called lexical verbs) and auxiliary verbs. The difference between them is mainly in where they can go in a sentence. Some verbs are in both groups, but there are very few auxiliary verbs in English. There are also two kinds of auxiliary verbs: modal verbs and non-modal verbs. The table below shows most of the English auxiliaries and a small number of other verbs.

Auxiliary verbs also inflect for negation. Usually this is done by adding n't.
• You shouldn't be here.
• He isn't at home.
• We haven't started yet.

Complements
Some verbs can or must be followed by a complement. These verbs are called linking verbs or copula. In the following examples, the complement is underlined and the verb is in bold.
• He is good.
• He is a boy.
• She became sick.
• She became a manager.
• It looks nice.

Modifiers
Verbs can be modified by various modifiers, mainly adverbs. Note that verbs generally do not need modifiers; it's usually a choice. In the following examples, the adverb is underlined and the verb is in bold.

• The boy ran quickly.
• The freely swinging rope hit him.

Pronouns

Pronouns are used in place of a noun that has already been mentioned or that is already known, often to avoid repeating the noun. For example:

Kate was tired so she went to bed.

Michael took the children with him.

Kieran’s face was close to mine.

That is a good idea.

Anything might happen.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns are used in place of nouns referring to specific people or things, for example I,me, mine, you, yours, his, her, hers, we, they, or them. They can be divided into various different categories according to their role in a sentence, as follows:

·         subjective pronouns

·         objective pronouns

·         possessive pronouns

·         reflexive pronouns

Subjective pronouns

The personal pronouns I, you, we, he, she, it, we, and they are known as subjective pronouns because they act as the subjects of verbs:

She saw Catherine.

We drove Nick home.

I waved at her.

Objective pronouns

The personal pronouns me, you, us, him, her, it, and them are called objective pronouns because they act as the objects of verbs and prepositions:

Catherine saw her.

Nick drove us home.

She waved at me.

Possessive pronouns

The personal pronouns mine, yours, hers, his, ours, and theirs are known as possessive pronouns: they refer to something owned by the speaker or by someone or something previously mentioned. For example:

That book is mine.

John’s eyes met hers.

Ours is a family farm.

Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive personal pronouns include myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. These are used to refer back to the subject of the clause in which they are used:

I fell and hurt myself.

Daisy prepared herself for the journey.

The children had to look after themselves.

Examples of letter

Example of Inquiry Letter

January 20, 2008

Ms. Charlotte Green

Employment Director

Environmental Consultants Inc.

P.O. Box 7692

Denver, CO 12345

Dear Ms. Green,

I am writing to inquire about job opportunities at Environmental Consultants, Inc. Your web page highlights that you are in the process of expanding your research facilities and I am pleased to learn that your company may be in need of additional individuals with strong research and leadership skills.   I will be graduating this May with a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology and believe my education and experience make me a good fit for your company.

My experience as an intern with Carson Geological Consultants, as well as in the Jonesboro College Department of Geology, has provided me with a strong foundation in the field of environmental impact research.  My specialty area of soil composition analysis should prove beneficial in performing the duties of the Coordinator.  For the past two years, I served as president of my Fraternity. I was responsible for coordinating activities, organizing meetings and providing leadership to a peer group of 25 men. My enclosed resume provides additional information on my education and experience.

I look forward to an opportunity to discuss my qualifications and learn more about your company.  Feel free to contact me at (765) 495-xxxx. I am available Mondays after 2 p.m.  I will be contacting you on February 5 to assure you received my application.  Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

James Purdue

Example of Order Letter :
Fashion  Inc

JL. Dr. Laimena

Maluku , Indonesia

May 27,2013



Mozza Butique

Gotta, 2rd Floor

Tual, Maluku Tenggara



Dear Sir or Madam,

As per our discussions on March 28, 2013 we are pleased to place an order for 3 lussin of t-shirt on the following terms and conditions:

•     The cost of each t-shirt will be Rp. 45.000/piece (exclude tax)

•     Delivery will be done within 3-4 days from the order date

•     Damage items in transit are not the responsibility of Mozza Butique

•     If the order is not delivered as per the above terms and conditions, the order stands cancelled and money can back 100%

We shall appreciate your shipping that albums immediately to our office in JL. Dr Laimena

Maluku, Indonesia. Payment we will made with transfer banking to your account on May 31 2013.



Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,



(Ina Mona)

Example for Complain Letter :

Dear Mrs. Jimenez,

As a principal, I realize you have a tough and demanding job. I know that you are passionate about helping the students succeed at Oakridge High School. It is important that you know about a serious matter that is happening within your high school.

My daughter, and two of her classmates, are being sexually harassed during P.E. It is happening in the 6th period class taught by Coach Underwood. One male student has been making explicit and inappropriate comments to my daughter, and other girls in the class. This behavior has been happening for four days.

My daughter and I have both spoken with Coach Underwood about this matter. However, it is has still continued. My letter to you is my next step in seeing that this student's behavior stops.

I would like to speak with you about this as soon as possible. Please contact me at (543)342-4325. You can also reach me at work at (543)342-5476.

Respectfully,

Jennifer Comiskey

Example for Application Letter :

Your Street Address
City, State Zip Code
Telephone Number
Email Address

Month, Day, Year

Mr./Ms./Dr. FirstName LastName
Title
Name of Organization
Street or P. O. Box Address
City, State Zip Code

Dear Mr./Ms./Dr. LastName:

Opening paragraph: State what position or internship you are applying to; how you learned of the organization or position, and basic information or qualifications about yourself.

2nd paragraph: Tell why you are interested in the employer or type of work the employer does (Simply stating that you are interested does not tell why, and can sound like a form letter). Demonstrate that you know enough about the employer or position to relate your background to the employer or position. Mention specific qualifications which make you a good fit for the employer's needs. This is an opportunity to explain in more detail relevant items in your resume. Refer to the fact that your resume is enclosed. Mention other enclosures if such are required to apply for a position.

3rd paragraph: Indicate that you would like the opportunity to interview for a position or to talk with the employer to learn more about their opportunities or hiring plans. Restate briefly why you're so passionate about the opportunity you're applying for. State that you would be glad to provide the employer with any additional information needed. Thank the employer for her/his consideration.

Sincerely,

(Your handwritten signature)

Your name typed

Example for Memo Letter :

TO: All Staff
FROM: Management T.C.
DATE: November 9th, 20--
SUBJECT: STAFF CHRISTMAS PARTY

---

It's that time of year again. As you all know, Christmas is our busiest season of the year. Every year it is a struggle for management and supervisors to find the time and energy to organize a staff Christmas party. This year, we have decided to postpone the Christmas party until after our busy season.

Party Details

• Date: Second or third Saturday in January (T.B.A)
• Theme: Beach
• Food: Caribbean
• Special events: Karaoke and belly dancing

We apologize that the celebration will have to wait until the new year, but we guarantee that it will be worth the wait. Anyone interested in volunteering to help out with the event is encouraged to call Lucy, our events coordinator. Lucy's cell phone number is 222-3098. Please contact Lucy outside of business hours regarding this matter.

Thank you.

T.C.

English Business

Business English is English language especially related to international trade. It is a part of English for Specific Purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching. Business English means different things to different people. For some, it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations,meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and so on. In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English, for example, high school students preparing to enter the job market.

There are many types of English letter :

1.    Informal letter writing

2.    Business Letter writing

3.    Official letter writing

There are parts of letter :

1.      Letterhead - Stationary printed at the top of the page including the company name, logo, full address, and other elements such as trademark symbols, phone & fax numbers, and an e-mail.

2.      Dateline - The date is the month (spelled out), day, and year. If you are using Microsoft Word, click - Insert, then Time and Date. Press Enterfour times after the date. 

3.      Letter Address - The complete address of the recipient of the letter. The letter address usually includes the personal title (Mr., Mrs. etc.), first and last name followed by the company name, street address, city, province, and postal code. Press Enter twice after letter address.

4.      Salutation - The word Dear followed by the personal title and last name of the recipient (Dear Mr. Smith). Press Enter twice after the salutation.

5.      Body - The text that makes up the message of the letter. Single-space the paragraphs and double-space between the paragraphs. PressEnter twice after the last paragraph. 

6.      Complimentary closing - A phrase used to end a letter. Capitalize only the first letter. If there is a colon after the salutation, there must be a comma after the complimentary close. Press Enter four times (or more) after the complimentary close to allow for a written signature. 

7.      Name and title of writer - Type the first and last name of the sender. The sender's personal title (Mr., Ms., Dr., etc) should be included. Use a comma to separate the job title if it's on the same line as the name. Do not use a comma if the job title is on a separate line. Press Enter twice after the name or title.

There are styles of business letter :

1. Full Block Style

 
2. Block Style

3. Semi Block Style

 
4. Idented Style

5. Simplified

 6. Hanging Idented Style

narkoba di indonesia

Kondisi penyalahgunaan narkoba di Indonesia sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan. Warga negara Indonesia yang telah menjadi korban penyalahgunaan barang haram ini angkanya telah mencapai lebih dari 4 juta jiwa. 

Narkoba telah berkembang ke seluruh penjuru Tanah Air bahkan sampai ke desa-desa. Diskotik dan tempat hiburan malam sudah menjadi tempat lazim peredaran narkoba. Bahkan ada desa atau kampung yang menjadi tempat berkumpulnya penjual narkoba, termasuk lapas menjadi tempat mengkonsumsi narkoba. 

Korbannya tidak hanya mereka yang broken home, tetapi sudah menjalar pada keluarga harmonis dan menyasar semua tingkatan usia dan profesi yang ada di negeri. Dari keprihatinan tersebut harus disadari bahwa sepenuhnya perang melawan narkoba harus dilakukan secara bersama sama. Perlu didorong terbangunnya budaya merehabilitasi penyalahguna narkoba secara sukarela, menanamkan keyakinan dan menumbuhkan kepedulian masyarakat untuk menjadi pelaku dalam gerakan masyarakat merehabilitasi korban penyalahguna narkoba.

Tanpa kepedulian kita semua terhadap permasalahan narkoba yang ada saat ini, maka Indonesia dihadapkan pada kehancuran masa depan bangsa. Sekali lagi, Kita tidak bisa perang melawan narkoba sendirian.